PbS (lead sulfide) colloidal quantum dots consist of crystallites with diameters in the\nnanometer range with organic molecules on their surfaces, partly with additional metal complexes\nas ligands. These surface molecules are responsible for solubility and prevent aggregation, but the\ninterface between semiconductor quantum dots and ligands also influences the electronic structure.\nPbS quantum dots are especially interesting for optoelectronic applications and spectroscopic\ntechniques, including photoluminescence, photodiodes and solar cells. Here we concentrate on the\nlatter, giving an overview of the optical properties of solar cells prepared with PbS colloidal\nquantum dots, produced by different methods and combined with diverse other materials, to reach\nhigh efficiencies and fill factors.
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